Shadows of a dimesion

Due to the defect of human eyes,we are blessed to see a peculiarity in
the dimension of an object(opaque) and its shadow.We had seen the
shadows of many objects,but had you noticed any specialities?

Let me explain.
What is the shadow of a cubical box? a square.right? or a planar one.Okay?
Now whats the shadow of a squre lamina? or a bangle? a closed
string.Right? that is a closed line segment.

That is a 3-Dimensional object has a 2-Dimensional shadow,a
2-Dimensional shadow has a 1-Dimensional shadow and so on.That is if
the dimension of a body is 'n',the dimension of its shadow is'n-1'

So the 4-Dimension object must have a 3-Dimensional shadow.Even we
cannot give a perfect example there are still some indirect examples
which resemples their example.

1) Image of Rainbow in sky.
2) 3-D images created by interference and superpositioning of light
rays (laser shows).
3) Invisiblity of objects(air,water,glass etc...) even there are no
absolute black bodies in universe.

How to create natural plastic at home

In our today's world its important to know what is plastic,what is its use,how it can be used,and how it cause problem to us and our beloved earth.

So in this session iam going to have a discussion about creating a simple mode of natural plastic and its decomposition.
This may or mayot be a natural plastic,but quite useful.
I has thought to write it when i had read about it in one of my teacher's practical book.
This is a simple,silly and unrealistic matter.sometime you may know about it already.

Needed materials:

- 2 glass jars
- 4 ounces(120ml) of whole milk
- 1 teaspoon of vinegar
- small plastic charm
- 2 clay flower pots
- soil

Now see how:

Pour 4 fluid ounces of whole milk into a saucepan and heat.The milk will first boil,then seperates into tiny particles(curds) and a clear liquid.Using the pot holder,slowly pour off the curds into the other glass jars.
Add 1 teaspoon (5ml) of vinegar to the curd and allow the mixture to stand about 2 hours.The indivitual curds will be seen to melt into a solid yellowish mass at the bottomof the clear liquid.The mass consists of fat,minerals and the protein casein-a string like molecule that bends like rubber until it hardens.Pour out the liquid and carefully remove the mass from the jar,kneading until it has a dough consistency.
Mould your plastic into any shapes placing them on a shhet of waxed paper to dry overnight.

How to create a refractive telescope at home

How can you built your own telescope?

What you need is simple,but what you have to be is Be patient.

needed materials:

- a pvc pipe: 50mm diameter of 40cm length
- a pvc pipe: 40(38)mm diameter of 25cm length
- a pvc joiner of 50*40 mm
- a pvc socket of 50mm diameter
- a pvc socket of 40(38)mm diameter
- an objective,convex lens of focal length 50 cm (power=2.0 dioptre)
- an eye piece ,convcex lens of focal length 5cm (power=20.0 dioptre)
- candle,lighter,cloth material and some other essentialities which you prefer.


How to create:

Attach lens of focal length 5cm to the centre of pvc socket of 40(38)mm
Attach lens of focal length 50cm to the centre of pvc socket of 50mm
By heating expand the 40mm mouth of pvc joiner a little.
Pass the 40mm pvc pipe through it.
attach the 50mm mouth of joiner to 50cm pvc
attach 50mm socket (with lens already attached) to the other end of 50cm pvc.
attach 40mm socket (with lens already attached) to the other end of 40cm pvc.
the telescope is redy.
now look a distant object through eyepiece(40mm lens side) and move the 40cm pvc to and pro.
grind it at the position where the image is perfectly seen.

Image formed:

image will be inverted.
image maynot be clear.
objective lens bring the image nearer and eyepiece lens magnifies to it.

The demerits of this telescope:

the price of lens of 5cm focal length is nearly Rs 225 (approx -$4.5).
you must need the service of an optical specialist to attach lens to socket.
This is not a perfect magnified telecope,you can only see it  10x sharper.


This is a 10x powerful telescope.
The image formed will be inverted (but it is not a problem in the case of celestial bodies)
For real image,you have to use a reflecting telescope,in which concave and convex mirrors are used.
(i will explain how a relecting telescope will work in my next post).

The power of a telescope lies in the power of lens.
focal length of eyepiece divided by focal lenth of objective (here 50cm*5cm= 10x)
But while crating with other lens,the length of pvc pipes must be adjusted.
Total length of telescope is equal to the sum of focal lengths of both lens

How to create your own theodolite from home?

It is very much interesting to observe distant objects,it is more
important to remember where and how to see it later.so we have to know
its location.we cannot tell about a star,like near my house or my
school etc..a little knowledge of trigonometry ad geometry can make us
master in it.
Here iam going to discuss about creating a THEODOLITE which has a
major use among sky observers,in astronoimy to locate and mark the
position of celestial bodies.so the construction begins: needed objects:
1.2cd's
2.one 50 cm pipe
3.color pens,pencils,markers
4.cardboard
5.small stick
6.drawing pins/safety pins

Lets work on it.1st take the 2 disks and with the help of a
protractor/pro circle mark 0-360 degrees on both Cd's,better try to be
maximum accurate.use appropriate pen or pencil or marker,we need not
want the markings to erase,means use a permanent marker.now take a
small sheet of card board or wood,place one of the disk's on it and
glue it firmly.now place a stick on the center of disk which can
rotate,glue it wisely.now attach the 2nd disk laterally,perpendicular
to the 1st disk,on the stick.(better to pin it using a nail
pin),extend the pin through the center of the 2nd disk.attach the
small pipe to its end,so that it too rotates.The theodolite is ready.
I had explained in the most condensed way,easily for each youngsters
can understand,but may lack many things.
remember,once you got the idea,modify the instrument with the way you
want.(for example: creating a stand for the apparatus,replacing the 50 cm small pipe with a telescope etc...)
marking of North,East,West and south will make your observations more
easier to mark and study,a permanent space to install the apparatus in
your room or near the windows or upstairs would help you for a long term research.

Smoke by hands...!?

Most of the guys have a tendency to amaze and make your friends or classmates thrilling. Here i.e. a new trick for that. This is not silly math’s trick or complex calculations to detect the future. It’s a pure bit of chemistry. It’s safe and you do not have any expenses. Let me explain the thing:

First you have to collect some match boxes, which has been already used. You could get it from every inch of place as now it’s an era of smokers. Collect as many as matchboxes. Now use a blade or a knife and scrap the side of matchbox. There will a fine coating of phosphorus like material used to lighten the match stick. You have to scrap them as slowly as possible and as lightly as possible. You must take care not to include and scratching of the paper or other parts of match box. You must get the pure brown coloured powder. Collect at least 5gm of it, to show the trick for one time. Now take that scratched powder, keep it in a small steel box(or any other less reactive metal boxes-try to make the size of box as less as possible, better is to use a size similar to a matchbox) and burn that powder somehow using your own method, you will obtain a yellowish oil, like coconut or almond oil. Save this oil in the same steel box.donot open the box to air for too much time.

Now it’s time for the show. Just scratch some oil with your finger from the box (not too much), you must do it as you touch the pickle during lunch. And now with the oily finger, just rub your fingers gently.wow, you would see the magic. Lot of fumes and smoke will be coming from your hand. There won’t be any fire or pain but still a lot of smoke. This can be performed by you in your own ways and methods. The more the pure is brown powder the more is the amount of smoke and the more your item works.

Be a hero …

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